Oh Brother Where Art Thou Man of Constant Sorrow
"Man of Abiding Sorrow" | |
---|---|
Song past Dick Burnett | |
Published | 1913 |
Recorded | 1927 (unreleased) |
Genre | Folk |
Label | Columbia |
Songwriter(southward) | Traditional |
"Human of Constant Sorrow" (too known as "I Am a Man of Constant Sorrow") is a traditional American folk vocal offset published past Dick Burnett, a partially bullheaded fiddler from Kentucky. The vocal was originally titled "Farewell Song" in a songbook past Burnett dated to around 1913. A version recorded past Emry Arthur in 1928 gave the song its current titles.
There are several versions of the song that differ in their lyrics and melodies. The vocal was popularized by The Stanley Brothers, who recorded the vocal in the 1950s; many other singers recorded versions in the 1960s, nigh notably past Bob Dylan. Variations of the vocal have also been recorded nether the titles of "Girl of Constant Sorrow" by Joan Baez, "Maid of Constant Sorrow" by Judy Collins, and "Sorrow" past Peter, Paul and Mary. It was released as a single by Ginger Baker's Air Forcefulness with vocals by Denny Laine.
Public interest in the song was renewed after the release of the 2000 film O Brother, Where Fine art Thou?, where it plays a central role in the plot, earning the three delinquent protagonists public recognition as the Soggy Bottom Boys. The song, with atomic number 82 vocal by Dan Tyminski, was featured on the moving-picture show's highly successful, multiple-platinum-selling soundtrack. That recording won a Grammy for All-time Land Collaboration at the 44th Annual Grammy Awards in 2002.[1]
Origin [edit]
The vocal was first published in 1913 with the championship "Adieu Song" in a half dozen-song songbook by Dick Burnett, titled Songs Sung by R. D. Burnett—The Blind Man—Monticello, Kentucky.[2] There exists some incertitude as to whether Dick Burnett is the original writer. In an interview he gave toward the end of his life, he was asked about the song:
Charles Wolfe: "What well-nigh this "Farewell Vocal" – 'I am a man of constant sorrow' – did you write it?" Richard Burnett: "No, I think I got the carol from somebody – I dunno. It may exist my song ..."[3]
Whether or not Burnett was the original writer, his piece of work on the song can be dated to nearly 1913. The lyrics from the second verse—'Oh, vi long year I've been bullheaded, friends'—would hold true with the yr he was blinded, 1907. Burnett may have tailored an already existing song to fit his blindness, and some claimed that he derived it from "The White Rose" and "Downwardly in the Tennessee Valley" circa 1907.[4] Burnett also said he thought he based the tune on an old Baptist hymn he remembered every bit "Wandering Boy".[2] However, co-ordinate to hymnologist John Garst, no song with this or a similar title had a melody that tin exist identified with "Constant Sorrow".[5] Garst all the same noted that parts of the lyrics suggest a possible antecedent hymn, and that the term 'homo of sorrows' is religious in nature and appears in Isaiah 53:3.[5] [6] The song has some similarities to the hymn "Poor Pilgrim," besides known as "I Am a Poor Pilgrim of Sorrow," which George Pullen Jackson speculated to accept been derived from a folk vocal of English origin titled "The Dark-green Mossy Banks of the Lea."[seven]
Emry Arthur, a friend of Burnett, released a recording of the song in 1928, and besides claimed to have written it.[5] Arthur titled his recording "I Am a Man of Abiding Sorrow", the proper name that the song came to be more than popularly known. The lyrics of Burnett and Arthur are very like with pocket-sized variations. Although Burnett's version was recorded earlier in 1927, Columbia Records failed to release Burnett's recording;[2] Arthur's single was thus the earliest recording of the song to exist released, and the tune and lyrics of Arthur's version became the source from which nigh later versions were ultimately derived.[five]
A number of similar songs were found in Kentucky and Virginia in the early 20th century. English folk song collector Cecil Sharp collected 4 versions of the song in 1917–1918 as "In Old Virginny", which were published in 1932 in English Folk Songs from the Southern Appalachians.[2] The lyrics were different in details from Burnett'southward just similar in tone. In a version from 1918 by Mrs Frances Richards, who probably learned information technology from her father, the starting time poetry is virtually identical to Burnett'due south & Arthur's lyrics, with minor changes like Virginia substituting for Kentucky.[4] [8] The vocal is thought to exist related to several songs such as "East Virginia Dejection".[8] Norman Lee Vass of Virginia claimed his brother Mat wrote the vocal in the 1890s, and the Virginia versions of the song prove some relationship to Vass's version, even though his tune and most of his verses are unique. It is thought that this variant was influenced by "Come All You lot Fair and Tender Ladies"/"The Piffling Sparrow".[iv] [5]
An older version described by Almeda Riddle was dated to effectually 1850, but with texts that differ substantially afterward the first line.[5] John Garst traced elements of the song back to the hymns of the early 1800s, suggesting similarity in its tune to "Tender-Hearted Christians" and "Judgment Hymn", and similarity in its lyrics to "Christ Suffering", which included the lines "He was a homo of abiding sorrow / He went a mourner all his days."[ix]
On October 13, 2009, on the Diane Rehm Show, Ralph Stanley of the Stanley Brothers, whose autobiography is titled Human of Constant Sorrow,[10] discussed the song, its origin, and his endeavor to revive information technology:[11]
"Man of Constant Sorrow" is probably two or three hundred years erstwhile. But the starting time time I heard it when I was y'know, like a small boy, my daddy – my father – he had some of the words to information technology, and I heard him sing it, and we – my brother and me – nosotros put a few more words to it, and brought information technology back in being. I judge if it hadn't been for that information technology'd have been gone forever. I'm proud to be the ane that brought that song dorsum, because I retrieve information technology'southward wonderful.
Lyrical variations [edit]
Many later singers have put new and varied lyrics to the song. Nigh versions have the vocalist riding a train fleeing trouble, regretting not seeing his onetime honey, and contemplating his future decease, with the hope that he volition come across his friends or lover again on the beautiful or golden shore.[4] Nigh variants start with similar lines in the start verse as the 1913 Burnett's version, some with variations such as gender and home state, along with some other minor changes:[12]
I am a man of constant sorrow,
I've seen trouble all of my days;
I'll bid farewell to quondam Kentucky,
The identify where I was born and raised.
The 1928 recording past Emry Arthur is largely consistent with Burnett's lyrics, with but minor differences.[12] Yet, the reference to blindness in the second verse of Burnett's lyrics, "vi long year I've been blind", had been changed to "half dozen long years I've been in trouble", a change as well found in other subsequently versions that incorporate the verse.[13]
In around 1936, Sarah Ogan Gunning rewrote the traditional "Human being" into a more than personal "Girl". Gunning remembered the melody from a 78-rpm hillbilly record (Emry Arthur, 1928) she had heard some years before in the mountains, only the lyrics she wrote were considerably dissimilar from the original after the first verse.[12] [14] The change of gender is also constitute in Joan Baez's "Girl of Constant Sorrow" and another variant of the song similar to Baez's, Judy Collins's title song from her album A Maid of Abiding Sorrow.[15]
In 1950, The Stanley Brothers recorded a version of the song they had learnt from their father.[thirteen] [xv] The Stanley Brothers' version contains some modifications to the lyrics, with an entire verse of Burnett's version removed, the last line is also different and 'parents' of the 2d poetry have turned into 'friends.'[12] The performances of the song by the Stanley Brothers and Mike Seeger contributed to the song's popularity in the urban folksong circles during the American folk music revival of the 50s and 60s.[14]
Bob Dylan recorded his version in 1961, which is a rewrite based on versions performed by other folk singers such as Joan Baez and Mike Seeger.[16] [17] A verse from the Stanleys' version was removed, and other verses were significantly rearranged and rewritten. Dylan besides added personal elements, changing 'friends' to 'female parent' in the line 'Your female parent says that I'm a stranger' in reference to his then girlfriend Suze Rotolo'southward female parent.[18] In Dylan'southward version, Kentucky was changed to Colorado;[13] this alter of the state of origin is common,[4] for example, Kentucky is inverse to California in "Girl of Constant Sorrow" by Joan Baez and "Maid of Constant Sorrow" past Judy Collins.
Aside from the lyrics, there are also significant variations in the melody of the song in many of these versions.[xv]
Recordings and embrace versions [edit]
"I Am a Man of Constant Sorrow" | |
---|---|
Song past Emry Arthur | |
Released | January 18, 1928 (1928-01-xviii) |
Genre | Sometime-time |
Length | three:18 |
Characterization | Vocalion |
Songwriter(s) | Unknown |
Burnett recorded the vocal in 1927 with Columbia; this version was unreleased and the main recording destroyed.[2] The commencement commercially released record was by Emry Arthur, on January 18, 1928. He sang it while playing his guitar and accompanied past banjoist Dock Boggs.[19] The record was released by Vocalion Records (Vo 5208) and sold well,[20] and he recorded it again in 1931.[21] As the first released recording of the vocal, its melody and lyrics formed the basis for subsequent versions and variations.[five] Although a few singers had also recorded the song, it faded to relative obscurity until The Stanley Brothers recorded their version in 1950 and helped popularized the song in the 1960s.
The utilize of the song in the 2000 picture O Blood brother, Where Fine art Grand? led to its renewed popularity in the 21st century. The song has since been covered past many singers, from the Norwegian daughter-group Katzenjammer to the winner of the eighth season of The Phonation Sawyer Fredericks.[15] [22]
Stanley Brothers [edit]
"I Am a Man of Abiding Sorrow" | |
---|---|
Song by The Stanley Brothers | |
Released | May 1951 (1951-05) |
Recorded | November three, 1950 (1950-eleven-03) |
Genre |
|
Length | 2:56 |
Label | Columbia |
Songwriter(south) | Unknown |
Official audio | |
"I'm A Man Of Constant Sorrow" on YouTube | |
On November 3, 1950, The Stanley Brothers recorded their version of the song with Columbia Records at the Castle Studios in Nashville.[eight] The Stanleys learned the song from their father Lee Stanley who had turned the song into a hymn sung a cappella in the Primitive Baptist tradition. The arrangement of the song in the recording however was their own and they performed the song in a faster tempo.[viii] This recording, titled "I Am a Man of Constant Sorrow", was released in May 1951 together with "The Lonesome River" as a single (Columbia 20816).[23] Neither Burnett nor Arthur copyrighted the song, which allowed Carter Stanley to copyright the vocal as his own work.[21]
On September fifteen, 1959, the Stanley Brothers re-recorded the song on King Records for their album Everybody's Country Favorite. Ralph Stanley sang the solo all the fashion through in the 1950 version, merely in the 1959 version he was joined past other members of the band in added refrains. The fiddle and mandolin of the early on version were as well replaced by guitar, and a verse was omitted.[24] [25] This version (King 45-5269) was released together with "How Mountain Girls Can Dear" equally a single that October 1959.[26]
In July 1959, the Stanley Brothers performed the song at the Newport Folk Festival,[27] which brought the song to the attention of other folk singers. Information technology led to a number of recordings of the song in the 1960s, most notably past Joan Baez (1960),[28] Bob Dylan (1961), Judy Collins (1961), and Peter, Paul and Mary (1962).[29]
Bob Dylan [edit]
"I Am a Man of Constant Sorrow" | |
---|---|
Song by Bob Dylan | |
Released | March xix, 1962 (1962-03-19) |
Recorded | November 1961 (1961-11) |
Genre |
|
Length | 3:10 |
Label | Columbia |
Songwriter(s) | Unknown |
In November 1961 Bob Dylan recorded the song, which was included as a runway on his 1962 eponymous debut album as "Man of Constant Sorrow".[xiii] [thirty] Dylan's version is a rewrite of the versions sung past Joan Baez, New Lost City Ramblers (Mike Seeger's band), and others in the early 1960s.[16] Dylan also performed the song during his first national US television appearance, in the leap of 1963.[31] Dylan'south version of the vocal was used by other singers and bands of 1960s and 70s, such as Rod Stewart and Ginger Baker's Air Strength.
Dylan performed a different version of the song that is a new adaptation of Stanleys' lyrics in his 1988 Never Ending Tour.[13] He performed the song intermittently in the 1990s, and besides performed it in his European tour in 2002.[16] A performance was released in 2005 on the Martin Scorsese PBS television documentary on Dylan, No Management Home, and on the accompanying soundtrack anthology, The Bootleg Series Vol. 7: No Direction Home.[32] [33]
Ginger Baker'south Air Force [edit]
"Man of Constant Sorrow" | |
---|---|
Song by Ginger Baker'southward Air Force | |
from the album Ginger Baker'due south Air Forcefulness | |
Released | March 1970 (1970-03) |
Genre | Stone |
Length | 3:31 |
Label | ATCO Records, Polydor |
Songwriter(southward) | Unknown |
The song was recorded in 1970 past Ginger Baker'southward Air Force and sung past Air Force guitarist and vocalist (and former Moody Blues, future Wings member) Denny Laine.[34] The single was studio recorded, but a live version, recorded at the Majestic Albert Hall, was included in their eponymous 1970 debut album. The band used a melody similar to Dylan's, and for the almost part also Dylan's lyrics (but substituting 'Birmingham' for 'Colorado'). The arrangement differed significantly, with violin, electric guitar, and saxophones, although it stayed mainly in the major scales of A, D and E. Information technology was the band's simply chart single.
Charts [edit]
Soggy Bottom Boys [edit]
"I Am a Man of Constant Sorrow" | |
---|---|
Song by The Soggy Bottom Boys | |
from the anthology O Blood brother, Where Art Thousand? | |
Released | December v, 2000 (2000-12-05) |
Genre |
|
Length | 4:20 |
Characterization | Mercury Nashville |
Songwriter(southward) | Unknown |
Producer(s) | T Bone Burnett |
Official audio | |
"I Am A Man Of Constant Sorrow" (With Band) on YouTube | |
A notable cover, titled "I Am a Man of Constant Sorrow", was produced past the fictional folk/bluegrass group The Soggy Bottom Boys from the picture O Brother, Where Art K?.[2] The producer T Bone Burnett had previously suggested the Stanley Brothers' recording as a song for The Dude in the Coen brothers' moving picture The Big Lebowski, but it did not brand the cutting. For their next collaboration, O Blood brother, Where Art Thou?, he realized that the vocal would suit the main character well.[2] [37] The initial programme was for the vocal to exist sung by the film's pb actor, George Clooney; nonetheless, it was found that his recording was not upwards to the required standard.[38] Burnett later said that he had only ii or three weeks to work with Clooney, which was not enough time to prepare Clooney for the recording of a apparent hit country record.[37]
The vocal was recorded by Dan Tyminski (lead vocals) , with Harley Allen and Pat Enright, based on the Stanleys' version.[fifteen] Tyminski as well wrote, played, and changed the guitar part of the organization.[37] 2 versions by Tyminski were plant in the soundtrack album, with different backup instruments. In the film, it was a hit for the Soggy Bottom Boys, and would later become a real hit off-screen. Tyminski has performed the vocal at the Crossroads Guitar Festival with Ron Block and live with Alison Krauss.
The song received a CMA Award for "Unmarried of the Yr" in 2001 and a Grammy for "Best Country Collaboration with Vocals" in 2002. The song was also named Song of the Twelvemonth by the International Bluegrass Music Association in 2001.[39] It peaked at No. 35 on Billboard'south Hot Land Songs nautical chart.[15] It has sold over a million copies in the United States by November 2016.[twoscore]
Personnel [edit]
Source: [41]
- Banjo – Ron Block
- Bass – Barry Bales
- Dobro – Jerry Douglas
- Fiddle – Stuart Duncan
- Guitar – Chris Sharp
- Harmony vocals – Harley Allen, Pat Enright
- Lead vocals, guitar – Dan Tyminski
- Mandolin – Mike Compton
- Arranged by – Carter Stanley
Charts [edit]
Others [edit]
- 1920s – American Delta blues artist Delta Blind Billy in his song "Hidden Human Blues" had the line 'Man of sorrow all my days / Left the home where I been raised.'[44]
- 1937 – Alan Lomax recorded Sarah Ogan Gunning's functioning of her version, "I Am a Girl of Constant Sorrow", for the Library of Congress's Archive of American Folk Song. Her version was also covered by other singers such as Peggy Seeger (her melody however is more similar to Arthur'due south version), Tossi Aaron, and Barbara Dane. She recorded the song once more at the 1964 Newport Folk Festival, and as well released a recording in her album, Daughter of Abiding Sorrow, in 1965.[14]
- 1947 – Lee and Juanita Moore's performance at a radio station WPAQ was recorded and later released in 1999. They were granted a new copyright registration in 1939 for their treatment of the song.[2] [45]
- 1960 – A version of the song, "Girl of Abiding Sorrow", was recorded by Joan Baez in the summer of 1960.[28] This version was left off the original release of her debut album Joan Baez in 1960 on the Vanguard label, but was included as a bonus track on the 2001 CD-reissue version of the album.[46] [47] Baez has also recorded "Man of Constant Sorrow" with no change in gender.[48]
- 1961 – Judy Collins'due south 1961 debut anthology, A Maid of Constant Sorrow, took its name from a variant of the song which was included on the anthology.[49]
- 1961 – Roscoe Holcomb recorded a version.[4]
- 1962 – It appears on Mike Seeger'south album Sometime Time Country Music, Folkways FA 2325.[50] Mike Seeger recorded 3 versions of the vocal.[iv]
- 1962 – in their 1962 self-titled debut album, Peter, Paul and Mary recorded another version as "Sorrow".[51]
- 1966 – It was recorded past Waylon Jennings on his 1966 major-label debut Folk-State.[52]
- 1969 – Rod Stewart covered the vocal in his debut solo anthology. Information technology was based on Dylan's version merely with his ain organisation.[53]
- 1972 – An a cappella version appears on The Dillards' 1972 LP Roots and Branches.[54] This version had only 2 verses and replaced Kentucky with Missouri.
- 1993 – "Man of Abiding Sorrow" was one of many songs recorded by Jerry Garcia, David Grisman, and Tony Rice one weekend in Feb 1993. Jerry's taped copy of the session was later stolen by his pizza commitment man, eventually became an underground classic, and finally edited and released in 2000 as The Pizza Tapes.[55]
- 2003 - Skeewiff "Human of Abiding Sorrow" was ranked 96 in the Triple J Hottest 100, 2003, released on Volume 11 disk one track twenty.[56]
- 2012 - Charm City Devils released "Homo Of Abiding Sorrow" which charted on diverse Billboard rock charts - No. 25 on Mainstream Stone Songs[57] No. 22 on Active Rock,[58] and No. 48 on Hot Rock Songs.[59]
- 2015 – Dwight Yoakam covered the song in his anthology 2nd Hand Heart. Yoakam'southward rendition has been described as having a 'rockabilly' sound.[60] [61]
- 2015 – Blitzen Trapper covered the song exclusively for the black comedy–criminal offence drama television serial Fargo, which played over the credits of the "Rhinoceros" episode of the second flavor.[62]
- 2018 – Habitation Complimentary, covered the vocal in a land / a capella manner. It was released besides on their album Timeless.[63]
- 2021 - In the Channel 4 sitcom We Are Lady Parts, the main character, Amina, sings a variation of the song with the lyrics changed to fit her state of affairs.[64]
Parodies [edit]
In 2002, Cledus T. Judd recorded a parody titled "Human being of Constant Borrow" with Diamond Rio on his album Cledus Green-eyed.[65]
References [edit]
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- ^ a b c d e f m h Steve Sullivan (October four, 2013). Encyclopedia of Great Popular Song Recordings, Volume 2. Scarecrow Press. pp. 254–255. ISBN978-0810882959.
- ^ "Man of Constant Sorrow – Richard Burnett's Story", Old Time Music, No. x (Fall 1973), p. 8.
- ^ a b c d east f g Todd Harvey (2001). The Formative Dylan: Transmission and Stylistic Influences 1961-1963. Scarecrow Press. pp. 65–67. ISBN978-0810841154.
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- ^ George Pullen Jackson (1943). Downwards-Eastward Spirituals and Others. pp. 70–71.
- ^ a b c d Steve Sullivan (October four, 2013). Encyclopedia of Swell Pop Vocal Recordings, Volume ii. Scarecrow Press. pp. 296–297. ISBN978-0810882959.
- ^ John Garst (2002). Charles 1000. Wolfe; James E. Akenson (eds.). Country Music Annual 2002. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 30–37. ISBN978-0-8131-0991-half-dozen.
- ^ "Dr. Ralph Stanley: "Man of Constant Sorrow: My Life and Times" autobiography due out Oct xv". www.bluegrassjournal.com. Archived from the original on February 19, 2012.
- ^ Stanley discusses song's origins on the Diane Rehm Show Archived 2009-ten-16 at the Wayback Machine (link to audio plan'due south web page)
- ^ a b c d "Folk Telephone: "Human of Constant Sorrow"". The Music Court. June xviii, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e Paul Williams (December xv, 2009). Bob Dylan: Performance Artist 1986-1990 And Beyond (Heed Out Of Time) (Kindle ed.). Omnibus Printing. ISBN978-0857121189.
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- ^ a b c d e f Evan Schlansky (June thirty, 2011). "Behind The Song: "Human being Of Abiding Sorrow"". American Songwriter.
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- ^ a b David Due west. Johnson (24 January 2013). Lonesome Melodies: The Lives and Music of the Stanley Brothers. University Press of Mississippi. pp. 23–24. ISBN978-1617036460.
- ^ "Sawyer Fredericks Auditions For The Vocalism With "I Am A Man Of Constant Sorrow"". The San Francisco Earth. March 20, 2015.
- ^ "Stanley Brothers, The & Clinch Mountain Boys, The* – The Lonesome River / I'grand A Human being Of Constant Sorrow". Discogs.
- ^ Gary B. Reid (Dec fifteen, 2014). The Music of the Stanley Brothers. University of Illinois Press. p. 103. ISBN978-0252080333.
- ^ David W. Johnson (24 January 2013). Lonesome Melodies: The Lives and Music of the Stanley Brothers. University Press of Mississippi. p. 169. ISBN978-1617036460.
- ^ "Stanley Brothers". Bluegrass discography.
- ^ Gary B. Reid (December xv, 2014). The Music of the Stanley Brothers. University of Illinois Printing. p. 100. ISBN978-0252080333.
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- ^ O Blood brother, Where Art Thou? (2000), Mercury Records, 170 069-ii
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Farther reading [edit]
- John Garst (2002). ""Man of Constant Sorrow": Antecedents and Tradition". In Charles Thou. Wolfe; James E. Akenson (eds.). Country Music Annual 2002. Academy Press of Kentucky. pp. 26–53. ISBN978-0-8131-0991-6.
External links [edit]
- "Folk Phone: "Man of Constant Sorrow"". The Music Courtroom. June xviii, 2010. Contains lyrics for Burnett's and the 1950 Stanley Brothers' versions
- "Homo of Constant Sorrow". Bob Dylan's Musical Roots. Lyrics for Bob Dylan'due south 1961 recording and Stanley Brothers' 1959 version from Newport Folk Festival
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_of_Constant_Sorrow
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